英语之家

- 评论人：孤鸿一叶   2009-01-28 19:26:26  　

3 你好，现在通过下面链接可以备份您的博客： http://home.myspace.cn/blogmove.aspx 快去看看^_^ bokee.com 57964

- 评论人：王波   2005-01-03 16:31:52  　

写英语大作文写题目么？希望你回复。你的学生。

- 评论人：匿名网友   2004-11-28 16:59:47  　

***接上***
of my best jeans have been ruined in my attempts to use the chair.
I have always found shopping at Eaton's to be a pleasure. The chair is the only product I have purchased from Eaton's that I have had a problem with.
I am sure you understand my position. I need a chair that won't bite me. My English instructor has assigned another major essay that is due in three weeks and that must be typed. I would appreciate your help in replacing the chair in time for me to type the essay.
Sincerely,
Li Ming
注:
Eaton's: 伊顿百货公司
四,质询信
(LETTER OF INQUIRY)
质询信一般可以询问别人能否帮办某事,或提供某一信息,或澄清某一件事,或寻求某种服务,它可以是请求性的,也可以是非请求性的.下面是一则质询信实例.
例五:
Dear Marketing Manager,
I am a first-year business student at Beijing College of Applied Arts and Technology. I am currently conducting a research project on recent trends in the Canadian industrial market for paper products.
I have already done a great deal of research on this topic, but I feel that an inside view of the market situation at this time would add to my report and be of interest to the rest of the class. Would you please spend a few minutes answering a few questions about the market for industrial paper products
In general, what challenges are facing the industrial paper products industry at this time, and what types of strategies are being used to meet them
What types of technologies are important to this industry at present, and what technologies do you feel will have an important role in the near future
Do you think that this industry will experience growth in the future, and, if so, what trends do you expect to see occurring
My report is due at the end of April so I would be very grateful for a reply by mid-March. I appreciate your taking the time to answer these questions and I would be pleased to send you a copy of my report if you would like one.
Thank you in advance for your attention to my request.
Sincerely,
Li Ming
五,证明信
(LETTER OF CERTIFICATION)
证明信是证实某人具备某种资格或符合某一情况的信件,使有关人士或部门阅后相信某人其事,从而给予方便办理某事.证明信应写得明确肯定.
例六:
To Whom It May Concern,
This is to certify that Miss Li Mei is invited to go on a four-week tour to Canada. She has been given $ 300 (U. S.) in advance for the initial expense after her arrival in Canada. She needs to exchange these $ 300 (U. S.) into traveller's cheques. Any help offered to her in this regard will be much appreciated.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Ming
注:
To whom it may concern: 致有关人士
This is to certify that ……:兹证明…
附: 旅游指南
(TOURISTS' GUIDES)
当今世界旅游事业蓬勃发展,旅游业已成为各国重要的经济部门.为了招揽游客,做好广告宣传十分必要,旅游指南就是这种广告的一部分.它既具有广告文字的特点,也具有某些报导文字和游记文字的特色.
旅游指南的语言既比较规范,又相当大众化,辞令明快优美,富于表现力和说明力.它通常以图文并茂的形式向旅游者介绍某个地方的特色,提供游览的信息,帮助游人了解和欣赏要游览的地方,告诉游客某些实质性的问题,诸如交通,食宿,花费,时间表等等.
下面分析几个不同类型的例子,看看旅游指南这种文化的特点.
例一:
Welcome to Vancouver
It is with great pride and pleasure that I extend special greetings to you as you visit Vancouver.
Whether you are a first-time explorer of our city or a frequent visitor who has a list of favourite places to return to, I hope you will find your stay in Vancouver something you will remember fondly for years to come.
Vancouver is more than breath-taking mountains, sparkling beaches and one of the most cosmopolitan dining areas in North America. More than our beautiful parks, tourist attractions and shopping areas, Vancouver is a city of friendly people from a fascinating mix of ethnic and cultural backgrounds living together in an atmosphere of peace and harmony; and more than anything else in your stay here I hope you have an opportunity to meet and get to know some of our citizens. They will keep our city alive in your memory. Have a wonderful stay.
Sincerely,
Li Ming
这是一则欢迎游客的简短的致词.主人充满自豪和喜悦地向游客介绍了温哥华的主要特色:迷人的山峰,光彩夺目的海滩,富有世界各种风味的食品,美丽的公园和名胜,购物天堂和各种不同文化传统的民族聚集的现代化的大都市.
例二:
EXCITING, INVITING QUEBEC
Twelve different tourist regions beckon you to taste that "je ne sais quoi," that undefinable difference that sets Quebec apart as a vacation paradise. Nowhere will you find such an intriguing blend of sophistication and charm; French and English; North America and Europe. It's another world yet it is just across the border, less than a day's drive away.
Each separate region has a flovour of its own; each is as tempting as the next. As a family, by twos, or quite alone, you'll find wonders to behold, experiences to remember. Sparkling lakes, crashing white water and mountains of fun make Quebec a sports lovers' paradise. History runs deep through the cobbled streets of Old Quebec City - 95% French, 100% friendly. A lush mountin reaches up to the sky from the scintillating centre of Montreal where a constellation of fine restaurants jostle with friendly sidewalk cafes by day and theatres and clubs by night.
When it comes to accommodation and hospitality, Quebec combines the best of two worlds. Full-blown resorts and condo-hotels provide all the efficiency of the great N. A. Country inns and auberges offer all the culture and charm of the old continent, which as thousands of visitors agree make it a sensational summer vacation destination.
Come say bonjour!
这是一篇介绍加拿大魁北克省的广告性旅游指南.加拿大是个英语,法语并重的双语国家,魁北克省的居民主要是法裔加拿大人.魁北克的特色,除了自然风光之外,主要就是法国式的欧洲大陆风情.所以,这篇旅游词从文字到内容都明显地突出了这一点.文中je ne sais quoi是法语,相当于英文的something indescribable (妙不可言),文章末尾的一句又是英语法语兼用:"Come say bonjour!"Bonjour相当于英文的Good morning或Good day, 到了某地旅游,总要跟当地的人民交往,互相打招呼致意总是免不了的.
例三:
Traveling tips(旅游建议与提示):
1. It is convenient to travel or photograph in Aoluguya. First, you get to Harbin, and change to the train from Harbin to Yitulihe, then transfer to the train to Mangui. After that, you may take a bus to the Aoluguya Township and visit the folk museum of Aoluguya. You may also ask the officials in the township to find a hunter as your guide, and spend 100 yuan to rent a car which can directly send you to a hunting spot in the mountains.
2. Before you go into the mountains, the local hotels are very cheap. After you go into the mountains, the hunters can accommodate you. Because there are few tourists there, the hunters will warmly receive you. It is short of facilities in the mountains. You'd better prepare a sleeping bag in advance. There are a lot of mosquitoes there, so you should carry with you some mosquito repellent oil and a mo

- 评论人：匿名网友   2004-11-28 16:55:24  　

2005年硕士研究生入学统一考试英语新题型讲义
阅读新题型
应用文写作
大纲新词汇
主讲:宫东风
2005年考研新题型应用文写作
第一节 应用文写作入门
一,引言·题型分析
应用文的范围很广,包括书信,便条,广告,简历以及通知等诸方面.英语考试中的应用文以书信为主,兼或有写通知,便条之类的要求,这一点在WSK(EPT)历届考试以及英语专业四级考试中屡有所见.比如前者曾要求考生写过咨询信,建议信,索赔信等,而后者则在写作部分增设应用题材的简短作文.即使是其它类型的考试,应用文也是考试大纲中的一部分.
二,书信作文的语体问题
本文所言语体,不是指小说,诗歌,政论等的区别,而是说写出的东西除了语法正确之外,还要符合设想的角色身份,双方的关系,话题内容,口笔语的特征等.就书信作文而言,作文内容固然重要,但语体更是问题.英文书信大致可分为事务书信(Business Letters)和个人书信(Personal Letters)两种.前者是单位与单位或个人与单位之间来往的信件,语体比较正规(formal);后者则是个人与个人之间的飞鸿,表达较为随便(Personal).但有时,同一封信可以采用正式与非正式两种语体表达,这就要求考生具有明辨和变换语体的能力.会变换语体,就要掌握大量词汇和句子结构,套语,尤其是同义词的不同感情色彩以及委婉语气和祈使句的应用.一般说来,正式文多采用包含would, should, might 等情态动词的语句,而个人书信除对师长的客套外,大都可融进少量口语体的句子(如祈使句,感叹句等).值得一提的是广义虚拟语气在书信中的应用(凡要表达客气委婉的语气或留有余地的主观愿望而使用的虚拟语气属广义用法).广义虚拟语气涉及到若干固定句式,比如:
陈述看法:I believed/thought/guessed/supposed/…that+表述内容(用过去时代替现在时是客气委婉的表示.)
提出劝告,建议:It would/could be fine to V …或You might as well V …; You should V…等.
提出请求,询问意向:I would (very much) like to V …; Could you ...; Would you …等.
表明意向:I was wondering if …; I wondered if …等.
以上句式在正式或比较正式的书信中是常见的,应学会使用.
三,书信作文的格式及表达要点
书信格式——
·信头(写信人的地址和日期,位于信纸右上方)
·收信人内文地址(收信人的姓名及地址,写信纸左上方)
·称呼(对收信人的称谓语,写在内文地址以下两行,从左边顶格写)
·正文1) 写信人的身份及写信目的;
2) 写信人的想法,请求等细节;
3) 向收信人表示谢意,希望等.
·结束客套语(写在正文下方2行~3行,从信笺中央偏右的地方写起,后面用逗号)
·署名(署名的位置比结束客套语稍靠右一些)
表达要点——
·明晰(clearness):格式清楚,内容主题明确,突出.
·简洁(conciseness):把必要的事说清,不提无关的事.
·准确(correctness):语体适当,达意准确,自如运用习惯套语.
·礼貌(Courtesy):话语得体,不愠不火.

四,文题·套路展示
I. 申请信
属于事物性信件,主要用于申请入学,技术交流等.这类信件应写明本人愿意,申请理由,要求对方办的事,也可向对方索要有关资料.
January 22, 2005
Dear Sir,
I, the undersigned, am a student at Beijing University of Science and Technology (BUST), Beijing, P. R. China. I would like to apply for a place at your graduate school for studies in mathematics leading to the degree of Master of Science.
I was enrolled to study applied mathematics at the department of mathematics in BUST in 2001, and will graduate as a bachelor of science in the summer of 2005. For further study abroad, I have recently passed the English Proficiency Test (EPT) sponsored by the State Education Ministry of China. This means that government scholarship will be granted to me for my postgraduate studies in the United States. Moreover, all my other expenses will be covered by the Chinese government.
Enclosed please find a copy of records of all subjects I have completed at the University. Attached you will also find three letters of recommendation by three of my supervisors.
I hope a letter of admission will soon be issued to me for my visa, so that I shall be able to arrive at your university in time for the fall term. Your favourable consideration of this matter will be greatly appreciated.
I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours Sincerely
Li Ming
II. 邀请函·接受邀请信·谢绝邀请信
1. 邀请信(Letter of Invitation)
Dear Mr. Huang,
On behalf of the National Committee on US-China Ralations, I am pleased to invite you to participate in our Citizen Involvement in Environmental Protection Delegation which will visit the United States from April 30 to May 15, 2005. The delegation will focus on the major topic: the development and implementation of public education tools in the promotion of environmental protection among American citizens. This letter will briefly outline the financial and logistical arrangement.
Again, we are delighted to be able to invite you to join the delegation and hope that you will be able to participate. We ask you to complete the attached form and return it to us NO LATER THAN February 15, 2005 to confirm your participation.
I look forward to your early reply.
Sincerely Yours
Li Ming
2. 接受邀请信 (Letter Expressing Acceptance)
Dear Mr. Li,
I am very delighted to accept your kind invitation to participate in the program mentioned in your letter of Junuary 22, 2005 for I believe that his program will be of great value and feasibility. If performed well, it will surely play an exemplary role in the work on the worldwide environmental protection. And at the same time, I would learn much about the advanced environmental management practiced in the United States.
Once again, thank you very much for your invitation and I am looking forward to the better days through our joint efforts.
Yours Sincerely
Huang Ming

3. 谢绝邀请信 (Letter Expressing Declination)
Dear Mr. Li,
Please accept my hearty thanks for your kind invitation to join the Citizen Involvement in Environmental Protection Delegation.
Unfortunately, my schedule in the early May will not allow me to visit America. Urgent research work that cannot be rescheduled make it necessary for me to be in Beijing at that time. I certainly hope you will understand the reasons that prevent my participation in the delegation. However, if allowed, I would like to recmmend one of my colleagues, Mr. He Yin, to be my substitute. Both his professional creativity and personal enthusiasm urge me to do nothing but recommend him to you. And we shall deem it a great honor if your grant him the opportunity.
Once again, thank you for your invitation. I am looking forward to a long future of close relations between us.
Sincerely Yours
Huang Ming
III. 求购信
此类信件需要写出欲购何物,简述原因,并表达出一种急切的心情.
To Whom It May Concern,
I am in urgent need of a flash lamp for my camera of the brand "Konica", which I bought in your store a year ago. The original one has been damaged owing to an unexpected lapse. I am keen on photographing, and the camera has led to my winning many contests. Without it, I would lose much fun at the leisure time. I have been looking for a new flash for many days. Unfortunately, so far I haven't located one of the same type in our city, so herein I am writing for your help. If you have the correct flash lamp in stock, please let me know the price and I'll send you the money to mail-order one. If you don't have the piece and know where I can ge

- 评论人：匿名网友   2004-11-21 11:57:44  　

Section I Use of English
1.     D
2.     A
3.     D
4.     B
5.     A
6.     C
7.     D
8.     B
9.     B
10.  A
11.  B
12.  C
13.  B
14.  A
15.  C
16.  A
17.  D
18.  C
19.  D
20.  C

Section II Reading Comprehension  
21.  D
22.  B
23.  D
24.  C
25.  A
26.  C
27.  D
28.  B
29.  A
30.  D
31.  A
32.  C
33.  D
34.  B
35.  A
36.  C
37.  A
38.  B
39.  D
40.  B

Part B  
41.  B
42.  F
43.  E
44.  A
45.  C

Part C  
46.     事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为假设前提，而这种共识并不存在。
47.     有些哲学家主张，权利只存在于社会契约中，是责任与权益相交换的一部分。
48.     这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全漠不关心。
49.     持人与动物各方面都截然不同的看法的极端分子认为，对待动物无须考虑道德因素。
50.     这种反应不应为过，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应得到鼓励，而不应遭到嘲弄。

- 评论人：匿名网友   2004-11-21 11:57:18  　

Part A  
51.   Directions:  
      You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:  
1)        detailed information about the books you want,  
2)        methods of payment,  
3)        time and way of delivery.  

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)  

Part B  
52.   Directions:  
      Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay to  
1)        describe the pictures,  
2)        deduce the purpose of the painter of the pictures, and ,
3)        suggest counter-measures.  
You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)  

A Brief History of World Commercial Fishing

- 评论人：匿名网友   2004-11-21 11:56:41  　

Directions:  Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)  

     Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually pout. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. 46) Actually, it isn’t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
      On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 47) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd; for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who says “I don’t like this contract”?  
      The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. 48) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?  
      Many deny it. 49) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kinds think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.  
      This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical”. In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning—the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weight others’ interests against one’s own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 50) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.  

- 评论人：匿名网友   2004-11-21 11:55:58  　

Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)  

      Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. 41) _____.  
      Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.  
      42) _____. Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.  
      43) _____. There are also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.  
      44 _____. Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.  
      45 _____. About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.  

      [A] The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.  
      [B] Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.  
      [C] The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, or formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.  
      [D] The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world.  
      [E] The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and&, nbsp;among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the starfishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.  
      [F] When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones , or shell become embedded and preserved.  
      [G] Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form.  

- 评论人：匿名网友   2004-11-21 11:55:04  　

In the last half of the nineteenth century “capital” and “labor” were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generations after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.  
      The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community expect that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholder’s meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.  
      The “shareholders” as such had to knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.  

36.   The author says that old family firms
A.      were ruined by the younger generations.  
B.      failed for lack of individual initiative.  
C.      lacked efficienc compared with modern companies.  
D.     were able to supply adequate services to taxpayers.  

37.   The growth of limited liability companies resulted in  
A.      the separation of capital from management.  
B.      the ownership of capital by managers.  
C.      the emergence of capital and labour as two classes.  
D.     The participation of shareholders in land ownership.  

38.   The text indicates that  
A.      some countr ies developed quickly because of their limited liability companies.  
B.      the tide of industrialization benefited British shareholders greatly.  
C.      shareholders contributed a lot to the fast growth of the British economy.  
D.     the system of shareholding impaired the management of modern companies.  

39.   We learn from the text that  
A.      shareholders often cast negative influences on the well-being of workers.  
B.      owners of traditional firm enjoyed a good relationship with their employees.  
C.      limited liability companies were too large to run smoothly.  
D.     trade unions had a positive role between workers and the management.  

40.   The author appears to be very critical of  
A.      family firm owners  
B.      shareholders  
C.      managers.  
D.     landowners.  

- 评论人：匿名网友   2004-11-21 11:54:16  　

In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they’re looking for.  
      Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of ;doubts about its reliability. “Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,” says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company’s private intranet.  
      Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to “pull” customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools t hat allow companies to “push” information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers’ computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company’s Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That’s a prospect that horrifies Net purists.  
      But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 to 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.  

31.   We learn from the beginning of the text the Web business.  
A.      has been striving to expand its market.  
B.      intended to follow a fanciful fashion.  
C.      tried but in vain to control the market.  
D.     has been booming for one year or so.  

32.   Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the author implies that  
A.      the technology is popular with many Web users.  
B.      businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactions.  
C.      there is a radical change in strategy.  
D.     it is accessible limitedly to established partners.  

33.   In the view of Net purists,  
A.      there should be no marketing messages in online culture.  
B.      money making should be given priority to on the Web.  
C.      the Web should be able to function as the television set.  
D.     there should be no online commercial information without requests.  

34.   We learn from the last paragraph that  
A.      pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet commerce.  
B.      interactivity, hospitality and security are important to online customers.  
C.      Leading companies began to take the online plunge decades ago.  
D.     Setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power.  

35.   The purpose of the author in writing the text is to  
A.        urge active participation in online business.  
B.        elaborate on various marketing strategies.  
C.        compare web business with traditional commerce.  
D.       illustrate the transition from the pull to push strategy.  

- 评论人：d.d.   2004-11-21 11:54:04  　

我只能说，你玷污了graceful这个名字。我以前的确bs你，但我现在更加bs你，你说“难得有这么好的一个题材我干吗不写出来放在网上等你们的评论啊，一猜就知道你是谁。”可是，你根本猜不出来。现在告诉你也不要紧，你以为是你亲爱的王臻发的回复其实是我写的，你猜对了吗？后来是杨柳青看你伤心，她仁慈，才告诉你哪个不是王臻写的，你别以为你自己什么都知道。至于人在青山月在天，你又猜出是谁了吗？所以说，张红炉，你没有必要把自己装得那么graceful，那么有先见之明，那么厉害，那么会猜别人的心理。你不用和我们说这是虚构的，我什么都知道，尽管你很喜欢把自己的故事说得特别惨，赚同情，但我知道，事实上王臻也就这样对你了。没有人会相信你。就和你上个星期想得一样，如果你再犯贱，我会把你上次那篇东西贴到教室后面，让全班都看到。别以为你删了我就找不到了，我上次已经把那篇恶心东西存到我电脑里了，我家有打印机你也不是不知道。我知道你怕，怕全班都知道，但这是你自找的，你贴在你的QQ个人简介上，不就是想让别人看吗？我是帮助各位同学们比较方便地阅读而已。我知道你在QQ个人简介里说的“而摧毁友谊，这样也是最快最便捷的路。有些东西该删就删。我终于成功了。”我知道是说我，但是你说错了，我跟你根本就没有友谊，也谈不上摧毁了。其实，我一直就没看你爽过，以前不过在面子上下不来，反正我和你已经闹翻了，又有什么不能说呢？但是，看了你的这些话，我真正敬佩的，是你的阿Q精神，只是不知道阿Q会不会嫌你玷污了他的招牌精神。别怪我说话狠，我这人就这样，和你差不多，当然没你多情没你有文笔没你会思考。不过我也是为你好，既然你要喜欢王臻，少不了要受这样厉害的话。最后告诉你，我是徐雨橙，本来想打澄澄的，后来想想这是朋友叫的，你不会叫，我也不会应。我也知道你肯定猜出是我了，还有谁干对你这个graceful的小公主说这样的话呢？

- 评论人：匿名网友   2004-11-21 11:53:35  　

  Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.  
      Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.  
      It is also less most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America’s inflation rate would average 3.537; in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.  
      Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack. America’s capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment—the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.  
      Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.  

26.   According to the text, making monetary policy changes      
A.      is comparable to driving a car.  
B.      is similar to carrying out scientific work.  
C.      will not influence the economy immediately.  
D.     will have an immediate impact on the inflation rate.  

27.   From the text we learn that  
A.      there is a clear relationship between inflation and interest rates.  
B.      the economy always follows particular trends.  
C.      the current economic problems are entirely predictable.  
D.     the present economic situation is better than expected.  

28.   The text suggests that  
A.      the previous economic models are still applicable.  
B.      an extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation.  
C.      a high unemployment rate will result from inflation.  
D.     interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy.  

29.   By saying “This is no flash in the pan” (Line 7, Paragraph 3), the author implies that  
A.      the low inflation rate will continue.  
B.      the inflation rate will rise again.  
C.      inflation will disappear entirely.  
D.     there is no inflation at present.  

30.   How does the author feel about the present situation?  
A.      Tolerant.  
B.      Indifferent.  
C.      Disappointed.  
D.     Surprised.

- 评论人：匿名网友   2004-11-21 11:49:01  　

Sections II Reading Comprehension
Part A  Directions:  
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

      It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and a final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory (NT) became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure was passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately world flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t jut something that happened in Australia. It’s world history.”
      The full import may take a while to sink in. the NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief; others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the U. S. and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.  
      Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear lf his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d g, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks.” He says.  

21.   From the second paragraph we learn that  
A.      the objection to euthanasia is diminishing in some countries.  
B.      physicians and citizens have the same view on euthanasia.  
C.      technological changes are chiefly responsible for the new law.  
D.     it takes time to appreciate the significance of laws passed.  

22.   By saying that “observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling” (Line 11-12, Paragraph 2), the author means that  
A.      observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasia.  
B.      there is a possibility of similar bills being passed in the U. S. and Canada.  
C.      observers are waiting to see the movement end up in failure.  
D.     the process of the bill taking effect may finally come to a stop.  

23.   When Lloyd Nickson is close to death, he will  
A.      undergo a “cooling off” period of seven days.  
B.      experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient.  
C.      have an intense fear of terrible suffering.  
D.     face his death with the calm characteristic of euthanasia.  

24.   What is the author’s attitude towards euthanasia?  
A.      Hostile.  
B.      Suspicious.  
C.      Approving.  
D.     Indifferent.  

25.   We can infer from the text that the success of the right-to-die movement is  
A.      only a matter of time.  
B.      far from certain.  
C.      just an illusion.  
D.     a fading hope.

- 评论人：匿名网友   2004-11-21 11:46:55  　

Sections I use of English

Directions:  
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blanks and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)  

      The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases (1) the trial of Rosemary West.  
      In a significant (2)of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a (3) bill that will propose making payments to witnesses (4) and will strictly control the amount of (5) that can be given to a case (6) a trial begins.  In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee, Lord Irvine said the he (7) with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not (8) sufficient control. ( 9) of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a (10) of media protest when he said the (11) of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges (12) to Parliament.  
      The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which (13) the European Convention on Human Rights legally (14) in Britain, laid down that everybody was (15) to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.  
      “Press freedoms will be in safe hands (16) our British judges.” He said.  
      Witness payments became an (17) after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were (18) to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised (19) ;witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to (20) guilty verdicts.  

1.        
A. as to  
B. for instance  
C. in particular  
D. such as  
2.        
A. tightening  
B. intensifying  
C. focusing  
D. fastening  
3.        
A. sketch  
B. rough  
C. preliminary  
D. draft  
4.        
A. illogical  
B. illegal  
C. improbable  
D. improper  
5.        
A. publicity  
B. penalty  
C. popularity  
D. peculiarity  
6.        
A. since  
B. if  
C. before  
D. as  
7.        
A. sided  
B. shared  
C. complied  
D. agreed  
8.        
A. present  
B. offer  
C. manifest  
D. indicate  
9.        
A. Release  
B. Publication  
C. Printing  
D. Exposure
10.    
A. storm  
B. rage  
C. flare  
D. flash  
11.    
A. translation  
B. interpretation  
C. exhibition  
D. demonstration  
12.    
A. better than  
B. other than  
C. rather than  
D. sooner than  
13.    
A. changes  
B. makes  
C. sets  
D. turns  
14.    
A. binding  
B. convincing  
C. restraining  
D. sustaining  
15.    
A. authorized  
B. credited  
C. entitled  
D. qualified  
16.    
A. with  
B. to  
C. from  
D. by  
17.    
A. impact  
B. incident  
C. inference  
D. issue  
18.    
A. stated  
B. remarked  
C. said  
D. told  
19.    
A. what  
B. when  
C. which  
D. that  
20.    
A. assure  
B. confide  
C. ensure  
D. guarantee